Forming Process of Gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To study the forming process of the gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum. Method::The flowerets were divided into 8 growth periods from 0.5 cm in length to the day after flowering. Fresh sample were anatomized, and paraffin sectioning was performed on the flowerets. The height of anther chamber, the pollen sac angles, the width of anther gap, the diameter of style, the filament-labellum angle (α), and the filament-anther angle (β) were determined. Result::The angle of the pollen sac had no obvious change before flowering, but decreased from 32° to 17° after flowering. The width of anther gap increased to 0.29 mm in the 5th growth period, while the diameter of style was 0.32 mm in the same period, the ratio of them was 92%. Compared with the day before flowering, the angle α decreased from 83° to 42° during flowering, and the angle β decreased from 186° to 147°. In the filament, the abaxial side had 1 to 5 layers of cells more than the adaxial side. In the style, it was found that the adaxial side had 1 to 6 layers of cells more than the abaxial side. Conclusion::The asymmetry of the cell structure at abaxial and adaxial sides of the filament and style is the basis of the movement. In the 5th growth period, the width of anther gap increased almost to the size of style, so the style was able to slide in. When blossoming, the pollen sacs quickly squeezed to the gap in middle, and the entrance for style to access was blocked. Therefore, the style had to remain in the gap of the pollen sacs. Meanwhile, angles α and β drastically decreased, resulting in the stamen sandwiched the pistil and bending together toward the labellum. The gynandrium-like structure was formed.

Study on preparation technology and physical fingerprint of Carthami Flos Granules based on quality by design / 中草药

Objective: To study the prescription and preparation technology of Carthami Flos Granules and evaluate its physical quality based on quality by design. Methods: Carthami Flos was used as a model drug. The evaluation indicators were retention rate of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and total flavonoid, primary formation rate, bulk density, tap density, relative homogeneity index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, loss on drying, and hygroscopicity. The single factor experiments and the Box-Behnken design response surface method were used to investigate the particle forming process parameters. The physical fingerprint of granules was constructed by seven indexes including bulk density, tap density, relative homogeneity index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose, loss on drying, and hygroscopicity. Results: The optimum conditions were as follows: the dosage ratio of drug to adjuvant was 10.8, the amount of wetting agent (95% ethanol) was 32%, and dried at 70 ℃ for 120 min. The similarity of the physical fingerprint of 10 batches of Carthami Flos Granules was higher than 0.99. Conclusion: The prescription and preparation technology of Carthami Flos Granules and the physical quality were scientific and reasonable, which can provide ideas and methods for the research and development of Chinese materia medica.

Application Status and Research Progress of External Traditional Chinese Medicine Ointment for Rheumatism Treatment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Due to the definite curative effect,stable drug properties and low incidence of adverse reactions,the external traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) ointment for rheumatism treatment has attracted more and more attention from scholars at home and abroad.Based on the external TCM ointment for the treatment of rheumatism approved by China Food and Drug Administration(CFDA),this paper would comb and analyze their dosage forms,varieties,specifications,etc.On the other hand,this article summarizes the application of the new formulation technology,prescription research,study on the forming process,pharmacodynamics and safety research,etc.The problems existing in this area were pointed out,such as lack of new preparations;less research on the penetration material basis,the penetration enhancing mechanism,and the penetration enhancing law;the selection of detection indicators of quality control standards is not comprehensive enough;qualitative and quantitative studies of pharmacokinetics are relatively scarce and so on.Meanwhile,proper measures and suggestions are put forward.Not only the formulation classification and specification description of external TCM ointment should be standardized,but also new dosage forms such as intelligentized,controlled release and targeted preparations of Chinese medicine should be actively introduced;the study of transdermal activity of transdermal enhancer itself should be strengthened,and investigating the correlation between the transdermal absorption of the agent itself and promoting transdermal absorption;the biological effect index or indicators that combine chemical and biological effects should be used,and learning from the latest research achievements of multidimensional spectroscopy of Chinese herbal medicine,thereby establishing scientific detection indicators and quality control methods that conform to modern transdermal concept.

Optimization of One-step Pelletization Technology of Rouganbao Granules with Orthogonal Test Methodology / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize the process conditions of one-step pelletization of Rouganbao Granules. Methods The factors influencing the pelletization of Rouganbao Granules were investigated by L9(34)orthogonal test, with the indexes of forming rate and fluidity. Results The spraying speed had the greatest effect on one-step pelletization, followed by atomization pressure and material temperature, and wind temperature had the smallest effect. At last, the best process parameters were relative density 1.15 (60 ℃), spray speed 55 mL/min, atomization pressure 0.25 MPa, wind temperature 75 ℃, material temperature 55 ℃, and critical relative humidity was 63%. Conclusion One-step pelletization technology can improve the preparation level and product quality, which can be used for the industrial production of Rouganbao Granules.

Forming process of Shenqi Fukang Granules / 中草药

Objective To study the optimum molding process condition of dry granulating of Shenqi Fukang Granules (SFG). Methods Using primary formation rate and hygroscopicity rate as evaluation indicators; The optimal excipient ratio was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test method. Results The ratio of dry extract-micro silica gel-soluble starch-maltodextrin 77.5:2.5:5:15 was the optimal ratio of excipients; Dry granulating conditions parameters: workshop temperature of 20 oC, relative humidity of 50%, extrusion pressure of 12 kg/cm3, side seal pressure of 14 kg/cm3, extrusion frequency of 22 Hz, granulation frequency of 52 Hz, and feeding frequency of 19 Hz. Conclusion The optimized SFG dry granulating molding process is stable and feasible. The finished product showed a fine liquidity, good dissolubility and little hygroscopicity, which provides a reliable experimental basis for large-scale production.

Optimization of Forming Process of Luomai Granules by Response Surface Methodology / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the forming process of Luomai granules. Methods: With the qualified granule yield and the moisture absorption as the indicators, the excipients were screened, and through the study of granulation effect, the proportion of excip-ients was optimized. With the normalized value of qualified granule yield, solubility, hygroscopicity and sensory evaluation as the eval-uation indices, and excipients times, ethanol concentration and amount of citric acid as the main influencing factors with five levels for each, the forming process of Luomai granules was optimized by central combination design-response surface methodology. Results:The option formula for Luomai granules was the follows:the excipients amount was 5-fold of the extract, 85% ethanol was used as the wet-ting agent, and citric acid content was 0. 3%. Conclusion:Optimized by the central combination design-response surface method, Lu-omai granules has such advantages as high qualified yield, low hygroscopicity, good solubility, soft taste and appropriate dosage, sug-gesting the optimized preparation process of Luomai granules is reasonable and feasible.

An Analysis of the Forming Process of Medical Ethics among Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

The formation of medical ethics among medical students is an individual process of recognizing,selecting,and modifying medical ethics,a process from ignorance,to consciousness,and finally to responsible self-consciousness for the main body of medical ethics,a process to manifest individual liberty of medical ethics,independence of medical ethics,and pursue the progress of medical ethics,and also a process to combine recognition and practical behaviors,and realize the mutual transformation of internal and external medical ethics.